Meeting Summary for Keystone Symposia on HIV Cure: Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)-Free Control of HIV Infection in Durban, South Africa, 2025

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Published: Oct 18, 2025
Keywords:
HIV, Cure, Antiretroviral Therapy-free Control, Reservoir, Persistence, Molecular, Proteomics, Imaging, Multi-omics, Artificial Intelligence, Therapeutics, Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies, Immune Cells, Antiretrovirals, Latency Reversal, Gene Therapy, Animal Models, Clinical Trials, Africa, LMIC, Community

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Kiho Tanaka
Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
Tatenda Jimmy Blessing Chikowore
Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa; University College London, London, United Kingdom
Steven G. Deeks
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
Jacob D. Estes
Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon
Ya-Chi Ho
Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
Sizun Jiang
Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
Ming Jie Lee
Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
Chang Li
University of Washington, Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, Seattle, Washington
Albert Machinda
The Africa HIV Cure Consortium (AHCC) and CIDRZ, Zambia
Mauricio Martins
Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, Florida
Patrick Mdletshe
Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
Zaza M. Ndhlovu
Africa Health Research Institute; School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
Ujjwal Neogi
Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
Melanie M. Ott
Gladstone Institute of Virology, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
Thomas A. Rasmussen
Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Kavidha Reddy
Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
Rachel L. Rutishauser
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
Anna Farrell-Sherman
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division; Molecular and Cellular Biology PhD Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
Caroline T. Tiemessen
Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institutes of Communicable Diseases, a division of the National Health Laboratory Service, and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
James E. Voss
Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
Cissy Kityo
Joint Clinical Research Centre (JCRC), Kampala, Uganda
Sharon R. Lewin
Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity; Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity; Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
Thumbi Ndung’u
Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa; University College London, London, United Kingdom Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California; HIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
Joseph M. McCune
HIV Frontiers, Global Health Accelerator, Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington

Abstract

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) can effectively control Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication, however lifelong treatment is required due to persistence of viral reservoirs which drive recrudescence once ART is stopped. This necessitates curative interventions which can achieve either eradication or durable remission off ART. Advances in technology have fostered development of multi-omic techniques encompassing Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and sequencing, spatial transcriptomic and proteomic analysis, immunofluorescent imaging, and Artificial intelligence (AI)-driven multi-modal data analysis, to understand the HIV reservoir biology and mechanisms of persistence. These have informed the investigation of therapeutic interventions including broadly neutralizing antibodies, latency reversal, immune cell argumentation, antiviral compounds, and gene therapy. Between April 7–10 2025, experts in the field convened at the Keystone Symposia conference - “HIV Cure: Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)-Free Control of HIV Infection in Durban, South Africa, to discuss novel strategies for eradication and/or durable ART-free control of HIV.

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Article Details

Issue
Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): Volume 10, Number 2
Section
Meeting Summaries
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