%PDF-1.4
%
1 0 obj
<>>>
endobj
2 0 obj
<>stream
application/pdf
Elevated Circulating Concentrations of Interferon-Gamma in Latent Tuberculosis Infection
latent tuberculosis
interferon gamma
immune activation
NHANES
Copyright 2016
Background: Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) has been associated with increased immune activation. We assessed circulating concentrations of interferon-gamma in persons with LTBI.
Methods: We used the 2011-2012 National Health Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) to identify adults with and without LTBI by QuantiFERON®-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT) results. Non-LTBI persons were 1:1 age-, gender-, and race-matched to LTBI persons using propensity scores. We compared the plasma concentrations of interferon-gamma measured from the unstimulated, negative control QFT tube between LTBI and non-LTBI persons. We used Mann-Whitney tests and ordered logistic regressions for comparisons.
Results: There were 430 LTBI and 430 non-LTBI matched persons included in the analysis. LTBI was associated with higher circulating concentrations of interferon-gamma (median, 3 pg/mL; IQR, 2 – 5) compared to non-LTBI (median, 2.5 pg/mL; IQR, 1.5 – 3.5); P<0.001. LTBI remained associated with higher interferon-gamma concentrations after adjusting for age, gender, race, diabetes, hypertension, tobacco use, HIV status, body mass index, lipid profile, and lymphocyte count (odds ratio, 1.79, 95% CI, 1.26 – 2.53). Results remained similar when tuberculin skin testing defined LTBI.
Conclusions: LTBI was associated with increased circulating interferon-gamma concentrations. Future studies are needed to further characterize immune activation in LTBI and its potential long-term consequences.
Moises A. Huaman
George S. Deepe Jr.
Carl J. Fichtenbaum
2017-03-30T16:47:01-04:00
2017-03-30T16:47:04-04:00
2017-03-30T16:47:04-04:00
Adobe InDesign CC 2015 (Windows)
uuid:6ed96529-f95b-4505-b580-787063755825
xmp.did:c2c10248-8d97-b244-b908-362d8aaa04cc
xmp.id:cccf45d8-18bf-ac49-8958-a87f61d3c987
proof:pdf
xmp.iid:ebffeab5-d9ff-b249-ae81-e988e9072d76
xmp.did:ebffeab5-d9ff-b249-ae81-e988e9072d76
xmp.did:c2c10248-8d97-b244-b908-362d8aaa04cc
default
converted
from application/x-indesign to application/pdf
Adobe InDesign CC 2015 (Windows)
/
2017-03-30T16:47:01-04:00
True
Adobe PDF Library 15.0
False
endstream
endobj
5 0 obj
<>
endobj
3 0 obj
<>
endobj
7 0 obj
<>
endobj
8 0 obj
<>
endobj
14 0 obj
<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/XObject<>>>/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0]/Type/Page>>
endobj
15 0 obj
<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/XObject<>>>/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0]/Type/Page>>
endobj
16 0 obj
<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/XObject<>>>/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0]/Type/Page>>
endobj
17 0 obj
<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/XObject<>>>/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0]/Type/Page>>
endobj
18 0 obj
<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/XObject<>>>/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0]/Type/Page>>
endobj
19 0 obj
<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/XObject<>>>/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0]/Type/Page>>
endobj
20 0 obj
<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/XObject<>>>/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0]/Type/Page>>
endobj
21 0 obj
<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/XObject<>>>/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0]/Type/Page>>
endobj
41 0 obj
<>stream
HWYo7~ׯG$ o5NZMPײ⺿s+hpfwol30z}0{7cᚖXZ=ћe\2KcK]0Z>UdShXgUa
|CC"6\h\0Y-ԟa/2ژF[mr|g0I1obCZqNڅUZ̒8jt>/L61|-߃^h)>Za:X%CRPi -8V.*VQAAKW fbFfЯ'=[-8W6w
?W*f;3qǺG|-||<;p@RL?dSϘ(=hZt{Z>=ScmKRWU2W10v"Jy[دeD;M:9z6Ý@9YOE=YS(ao|mlAc'(p\ƥcQɤThZ
S)8tSfhn6 q5$ HI.Z푹$weAVjkl{L"voSF$Jrd\8A6[l)J%tJ aWҦ!pG3j\"8b0]
E2)'k̂?RxfnqbnE(B- B0lzEG5hdDlᚌᒮ8'[n.DSX[莽UNe#.!֍k%˨6u-T OJ;|OA\%M}W3xaZ´0qZ ȆOF(M:AjJ}
Ɏ#x(;S>JBHN]r='':}
z VY&IFzS?HU"b:GtCvLM4'
aN0k|l{~vMy&t/*Ʒ9d(3| Tz$°گʗ5
-ݹ4=w5ik
g-uzӥszsWxh0<_6}& 4zya\sZ %/{in~fy.<ׄH# &Wazc:;7'y+ZqD@%R *n]}{vEItwde藩 ͑ %48=p>q{"ڂUi'T}O2l.cSU}mmmn@3Fsoi>FYdW!24hu0;9,,$#81fhl釋fu㲇j@0Y(r闞SQpAmQu%#( ь'3jؖ5\/P-n=:04u')R0lnL:УQ5!d> Y;}va~j@n)p)|;Xp\,v5
O5]Qj
x}~5@egas>1 leQP,ƝjxF7Z vpL$p}_7rٓ cY3f&}W`^y=K_j~/M*5ᜡXp78?ظ$NըԔJZ,߄'d\
fv^cJgܕ(4"hX.xYK2/u